1. What is a mode?
A mode is a scale type with its own pattern of whole steps and half steps. One beginner way to see modes is to play the white keys from different starting notes. C to C is Ionian, D to D is Dorian, E to E is Phrygian, and so on. But the more important skill is hearing each mode around its own tonal center.
2. The seven common modes
Major mode
Stable major sound.
Minor with raised 6
Minor but brighter than natural minor.
Minor with lowered 2
Dark, tense color.
Major with raised 4
Bright, floating sound.
Major with lowered 7
Common in folk, blues, rock, and jazz.
Natural minor
Standard minor mode.
Minor with lowered 2 and 5
Very unstable.
3. How to hear modes
Do not only think “white keys.” Instead, compare each mode to major or natural minor. Dorian is minor with a raised sixth. Mixolydian is major with a lowered seventh. Lydian is major with a raised fourth. This makes each mode easier to hear and transpose.
Mini quiz
Dorian is like natural minor except which scale degree is raised?
The sixth scale degree.